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1 traction
traction [tʀaksjɔ̃]feminine noun• traction avant/arrière front-wheel/rear-wheel drive* * *tʀaksjɔ̃1) ( mode d'entraînement) traction2) Sportfaire des tractions — (à la barre, aux anneaux) to do pull-ups; ( au sol) to do press-ups GB ou push-ups
3) Technologie ( effort mécanique) tension•Phrasal Verbs:* * *tʀaksjɔ̃ nf1) (= force) traction2) GYMNASTIQUE pull-up* * *traction nf1 ( mode d'entraînement) traction; traction animale/électrique/mécanique animal/electric/mechanical traction; à traction animale drawn by animals; à traction mécanique mechanically drawn;2 Sport faire des tractions (à la barre, aux anneaux) to do pull-ups; ( au sol) to do press-ups GB ou push-ups;3 Tech ( effort mécanique) tension.[traksjɔ̃] nom féminintraction animale/mécanique animal/mechanical traction, animal/mechanical haulage2. AUTOMOBILEune Traction a vintage Citroën, an old front-wheel drive Citroëntraction avant [système] front-wheel drivetraction électrique/à vapeur electric/steam traction -
2 traction électrique/à vapeur
electric/steam tractionDictionnaire Français-Anglais > traction électrique/à vapeur
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3 паровая тяга
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4 паровая тяга
Русско-английский словарь по строительству и новым строительным технологиям > паровая тяга
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5 парна тяга
steam traction -
6 паровая тяга
Русско-английский сельскохозяйственный словарь > паровая тяга
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7 паровая тяга
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > паровая тяга
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8 паровая тяга
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9 паровая тяга
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10 паровая тяга
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11 тяга
(воздуха, топочных газов) draft, dragging, draw, drawbar, rod, haul, haulage ж.-д., hauling, shaft, pull stud, traction* * *тя́га ж.1. ( соединительный элемент рычажной системы) tie(-rod), link2. ( в топочных и вентиляционных устройствах) брит. draught; амер. draftопроки́дывать тя́гу — invert the draughtпобужда́ть тя́гу — induce [force] the draught3. (сила, передаваемая движителю) propulsion; ( для наземного транспорта) traction; ( для воздушного транспорта) thrustразвива́ть тя́гу в … кг — deliver a thrust of … kgаккумуля́торная тя́га — battery tractionбукси́рная тя́га — tow-rod, tow-barве́рхняя тя́га ( рыхлительного оборудования) с.-х. — upper armвзлё́тная тя́га — take-off thrustтя́га во́здуха — air draughtтя́га возду́шного винта́ — propeller thrustвосходя́щая тя́га — up(ward) draughtгужева́я тя́га — cart tractionесте́ственная тя́га — natural draughtиску́сственная тя́га — forced [induced] draughtкана́тная тя́га — rope haulageко́нная тя́га — horse tractionтя́га несу́щего винта́ ( вертолёта) — rotor thrustни́жняя тя́га ( рыхлительного оборудования) с.-х. — lower armобра́тная тя́га — reverse thrustпарова́я тя́га — steam tractionпарово́зная тя́га — steam locomotive tractionпо́лная тя́га — full [total] thrustприведё́нная тя́га — standard thrustпринуди́тельная тя́га — forced [induced] draughtрасполага́емая тя́га — available thrustреакти́вная тя́га — jet thrust; jet propulsionреверси́вная тя́га — reverse(d) thrust, retrothrustтя́га руля́ высоты́ ав. — elevator controlтя́га руля́ поворо́та ав. — rudder controlтеплово́зная тя́га — diesel locomotive operation, diesel locomotive tractionтеплоэлектри́ческая тя́га — diesel-electric tractionтра́кторная тя́га — tractor tractionуде́льная тя́га — specific thrust, specific impulseэлектри́ческая тя́га — electric traction* * * -
12 тяга
1. ж. tie, link2. ж. брит. амер. draught; draft3. ж. propulsion; traction; thrustразвивать тягу в … кг — deliver a thrust of … kg
реактивная тяга — jet thrust; jet propulsion
Синонимический ряд:влечение (сущ.) влечение; наклонность; склонность; страсть; стремление; тяготение; устремление -
13 trazione
"drive, traction;Fahrbetrieb;rodagem"* * *f technology tractionmotoring trazione anteriore/posteriore front-/rear-wheel drive* * *trazione s.f. (mecc., fis., med.) traction: trazione elettrica, a vapore, electric, steam traction; (aut.) trazione anteriore, front-wheel drive; trazione posteriore, rear-wheel drive; trazione sulle quattro ruote, integrale, four-wheel drive; (mecc.) resistenza alla trazione, resistance to tensile stress; (ferr.) organi di trazione e repulsione centrali, centre buffer coupler; (med.) una gamba in trazione, a leg in traction.* * *[trat'tsjone]sostantivo femminile1) (forza trainante) traction2) aut. drivetrazione anteriore, posteriore — front-wheel, rear-wheel drive
3) med. traction, extension* * *trazione/trat'tsjone/sostantivo f.1 (forza trainante) traction2 aut. drive; trazione anteriore, posteriore front-wheel, rear-wheel drive; trazione integrale o a quattro ruote four-wheel drive3 med. traction, extension; in trazione in traction. -
14 vapore
m vapo(u)rnautical term steamer* * *vapore s.m.1 vapour; ( acqueo) steam: una stanza piena di vapore, a room full of steam; cuocere al vapore, to steam; vapore di iodio, di zolfo, iodine, sulphur vapour; vapore saturo, non saturo, saturated, non-saturated (o unsaturated) vapour; densità, pressione di vapore, vapour density, pressure; bagno a vapore, vapour bath; caldaia a vapore, steam boiler; generatore di vapore, steam generator; macchina a vapore, steam engine; trazione a vapore, steam traction // andare a tutto vapore, to go at full speed3 (mar.) ( piroscafo) steamer, steamship: vapore postale, mail steamer (o packet) // il padrone del vapore, (scherz.) the big boss.* * *[va'pore] 1.sostantivo maschilea vapore — [locomotiva, ferro] steam attrib.
al vapore — gastr. steamed
2) (piroscafo) steamer, steamship2.* * *vapore/va'pore/I sostantivo m.1 vapour BE, vapor AE; (acqueo) water vapour BE, water vapor AE, steam; andare a tutto vapore to go full steam ahead; a vapore [locomotiva, ferro] steam attrib.; al vapore gastr. steamed2 (piroscafo) steamer, steamshipII vapori m.pl.(esalazioni) fumes; i -i dell'alcol wine fumes. -
15 Gresley, Sir Herbert Nigel
[br]b. 19 June 1876 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 5 April 1941 Hertford, England[br]English mechanical engineer, designer of the A4-class 4–6–2 locomotive holding the world speed record for steam traction.[br]Gresley was the son of the Rector of Netherseale, Derbyshire; he was educated at Marlborough and by the age of 13 was skilled at making sketches of locomotives. In 1893 he became a pupil of F.W. Webb at Crewe works, London \& North Western Railway, and in 1898 he moved to Horwich works, Lancashire \& Yorkshire Railway, to gain drawing-office experience under J.A.F.Aspinall, subsequently becoming Foreman of the locomotive running sheds at Blackpool. In 1900 he transferred to the carriage and wagon department, and in 1904 he had risen to become its Assistant Superintendent. In 1905 he moved to the Great Northern Railway, becoming Superintendent of its carriage and wagon department at Doncaster under H.A. Ivatt. In 1906 he designed and produced a bogie luggage van with steel underframe, teak body, elliptical roof, bowed ends and buckeye couplings: this became the prototype for East Coast main-line coaches built over the next thirty-five years. In 1911 Gresley succeeded Ivatt as Locomotive, Carriage \& Wagon Superintendent. His first locomotive was a mixed-traffic 2–6–0, his next a 2–8–0 for freight. From 1915 he worked on the design of a 4–6–2 locomotive for express passenger traffic: as with Ivatt's 4 4 2s, the trailing axle would allow the wide firebox needed for Yorkshire coal. He also devised a means by which two sets of valve gear could operate the valves on a three-cylinder locomotive and applied it for the first time on a 2–8–0 built in 1918. The system was complex, but a later simplified form was used on all subsequent Gresley three-cylinder locomotives, including his first 4–6–2 which appeared in 1922. In 1921, Gresley introduced the first British restaurant car with electric cooking facilities.With the grouping of 1923, the Great Northern Railway was absorbed into the London \& North Eastern Railway and Gresley was appointed Chief Mechanical Engineer. More 4–6– 2s were built, the first British class of such wheel arrangement. Modifications to their valve gear, along lines developed by G.J. Churchward, reduced their coal consumption sufficiently to enable them to run non-stop between London and Edinburgh. So that enginemen might change over en route, some of the locomotives were equipped with corridor tenders from 1928. The design was steadily improved in detail, and by comparison an experimental 4–6–4 with a watertube boiler that Gresley produced in 1929 showed no overall benefit. A successful high-powered 2–8–2 was built in 1934, following the introduction of third-class sleeping cars, to haul 500-ton passenger trains between Edinburgh and Aberdeen.In 1932 the need to meet increasing road competition had resulted in the end of a long-standing agreement between East Coast and West Coast railways, that train journeys between London and Edinburgh by either route should be scheduled to take 8 1/4 hours. Seeking to accelerate train services, Gresley studied high-speed, diesel-electric railcars in Germany and petrol-electric railcars in France. He considered them for the London \& North Eastern Railway, but a test run by a train hauled by one of his 4–6–2s in 1934, which reached 108 mph (174 km/h), suggested that a steam train could better the railcar proposals while its accommodation would be more comfortable. To celebrate the Silver Jubilee of King George V, a high-speed, streamlined train between London and Newcastle upon Tyne was proposed, the first such train in Britain. An improved 4–6–2, the A4 class, was designed with modifications to ensure free running and an ample reserve of power up hill. Its streamlined outline included a wedge-shaped front which reduced wind resistance and helped to lift the exhaust dear of the cab windows at speed. The first locomotive of the class, named Silver Link, ran at an average speed of 100 mph (161 km/h) for 43 miles (69 km), with a maximum speed of 112 1/2 mph (181 km/h), on a seven-coach test train on 27 September 1935: the locomotive went into service hauling the Silver Jubilee express single-handed (since others of the class had still to be completed) for the first three weeks, a round trip of 536 miles (863 km) daily, much of it at 90 mph (145 km/h), without any mechanical troubles at all. Coaches for the Silver Jubilee had teak-framed, steel-panelled bodies on all-steel, welded underframes; windows were double glazed; and there was a pressure ventilation/heating system. Comparable trains were introduced between London Kings Cross and Edinburgh in 1937 and to Leeds in 1938.Gresley did not hesitate to incorporate outstanding features from elsewhere into his locomotive designs and was well aware of the work of André Chapelon in France. Four A4s built in 1938 were equipped with Kylchap twin blast-pipes and double chimneys to improve performance still further. The first of these to be completed, no. 4468, Mallard, on 3 July 1938 ran a test train at over 120 mph (193 km/h) for 2 miles (3.2 km) and momentarily achieved 126 mph (203 km/h), the world speed record for steam traction. J.Duddington was the driver and T.Bray the fireman. The use of high-speed trains came to an end with the Second World War. The A4s were then demonstrated to be powerful as well as fast: one was noted hauling a 730-ton, 22-coach train at an average speed exceeding 75 mph (120 km/h) over 30 miles (48 km). The war also halted electrification of the Manchester-Sheffield line, on the 1,500 volt DC overhead system; however, anticipating eventual resumption, Gresley had a prototype main-line Bo-Bo electric locomotive built in 1941. Sadly, Gresley died from a heart attack while still in office.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1936. President, Institution of Locomotive Engineers 1927 and 1934. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1936.Further ReadingF.A.S.Brown, 1961, Nigel Gresley, Locomotive Engineer, Ian Allan (full-length biography).John Bellwood and David Jenkinson, Gresley and Stanier. A Centenary Tribute (a good comparative account).See also: Bulleid, Oliver Vaughan SnellPJGRBiographical history of technology > Gresley, Sir Herbert Nigel
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16 тяга
1. traction2. draft -
17 тяга
1. ж.1. тк. ед. (в трубе и т. п.) draught3. тех. ( приспособление) (control-)rod4. тк. ед. (к; влечение) thirst (for), craving (for); ( склонность) propensity (to, for); ( вкус) taste (for)тяга к знаниям — thirst / craving for knowledge, hankering after knowledge
2. ж. охот.тяга к чтению — bent / taste for reading
roding, flight of woodcock in mating-season -
18 тяга
I ж.1) (в трубе и т.п.) draught [-ɑːft] брит.; draft амер.в трубе́ нет тя́ги — the chimney does not draw
2) тех. ( перемещающая сила) tractionси́ла тя́ги — tractive force
ко́нная тя́га — horse traction
на ко́нной тя́ге — horse-drawn
парова́я тя́га — steam traction
механи́ческая тя́га — mechanical traction
электри́ческая тя́га — electric traction
3) тех. (стержень, трос) (control) rod4) (к; влечение) thirst (for), craving (for); ( склонность) propensity (to, for); ( вкус) taste (for)тя́га к зна́ниям — thirst / craving for knowledge, hankering after knowledge
тя́га к учёбе — eagerness to study
II ж. охот.тя́га к чте́нию — bent / taste for reading
roding, flight of woodcock in mating season -
19 паровой
I прил.II прил.; с.-х.паровое отопление — steam-heating; central heating
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20 trakcj|a
f (G pl trakcji) 1. Techn. (napęd) traction- trakcja elektryczna/parowa electric/steam traction2. Kolej. (trasa) route- trakcja kolejowa/tramwajowa a railway/tramway GB a. streetcar US system3. Kolej., Techn. (urządzenia) traction equipment 4. sgt Techn., Kolej. (dział kolejnictwa i techniki) traction technologyThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > trakcj|a
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